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Overweight



Being overweight means having a quantity of body fat higher than actually necessary for your body functions.

A healthy body needs a minimum intake of fat for the proper functioning of hormonal, immune and reproductive system, as well as thermal insulation, absorption of shocks in sensitive areas and as energy reserves. The accumulation of a reserve of excess fat can impair movement and flexibility, in addition to altering the physical aspect.

Being overweight is not the same thing to be obese.
Obesity is a real clinical condition characterized by excessive fat reserves that could be associated with certain diseases or to increased mortality.

The main causes of obesity include:
exercise limited and sedentary
eat too much
diet unbridled
genetic predisposition
a diet with high glycemic index
Hormonal imbalances
metabolic disorders
disorders
alcoholism
stress
lack of rest
psychoactive drugs
stop smoking.

Similarly, obesity may be caused by:
excess of food combined with sedentary lifestyle
stress
lack of sleep
genetic abnormalities (as in the syndromes of Prader-Willi and Bardet-Biedl, MOMO, in cases of mutations of the leptin receptor and melanocortin)
diseases (such as hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, deficiency of growth hormone, etc.).
stop smoking
Some medications (like steroids, antipsychotics, some fertility drugs, etc..)
neurobiological mechanism
some alterations in intestinal flora
social determinants.

Obesity can lead to:
metabolic syndrome
diabetes mellitus type II
hypertension
high cholesterol.

Obesity is a major risk factor in the development of disturbances of various kinds, including those at:
Cardiovascular: heart attack, enlarged heart and arrhythmia, varicose veins, pulmonary embolus
Endocrine: polycystic ovary syndrome, menstrual disorders, infertility
Gastrointestinal: gastroesophageal reflux, disturbances of liver swelled, colecistiasi, hernia, colorectal cancer
Renal and genitourinary: impotence, incontinence, chronic renal failure, hypogonadism, breast cancer, cancer  utero
Skin and appendages: stretch marks, cellulite, acanthosis, comb, lymphoedema, intertriginous
Musculoskeletal: hyperuricemia (predisposes to gout), immobility, osteoarthritis, back pain in the lumbar
Neurological: stroke, headache, carpal tunnel syndrome, dementia, meralgia paraesthesia
Respiratory: dyspnea, obstructive sleep apnea, ipoventilazione, Pickwickian syndrome, asthma
Psychological: depression, low self-esteem, body dysmorphic disorder, social stigmatization.



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